NAD+

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) is an endogenous nucleotide considered essential to over 500 enzymatic reactions involving metabolism, energy production, DNA repair, and cellular signaling. Naturally synthesized from tryptophan and several precursors including nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), NAD+ levels decline with age — making it a central focus of longevity and cellular health research.

Chemical Makeup Molecular Formula: C21H27N7O14P2 | Molecular Weight: 663.43 g/mol | Also known as: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Research Highlights

• Productive Aging — A 12-month study in normal-aging mice exposed to NMN suggested potential promotion of NAD+ synthesis, with observed reductions in weight gain, increased energy metabolism, enhanced physical activity, and improved lipid profiles.
• Neuroprotection — Aged mice exposed to NMN for 3–12 months showed apparent restoration of mitochondrial function in nerve and brain cells, suggesting NMN may be rapidly utilized by cells to produce NAD+ and support neurological health.
• DNA Repair — Following induced ischemic stress in murine neuronal cultures, NAD+ replenishment appeared to significantly improve DNA base excision repair activity, cell viability, and oxidative DNA damage repair — whether introduced before or after the stressor.
• Liver & Kidney Function — Research suggests NAD+ supplementation may help prevent obesity and alcoholic hepatitis, improve glucose homeostasis, and exhibit neuroprotective effects against both glucose-induced kidney hypertrophy and cisplatin-induced kidney injury.
• Skeletal & Muscle Function — Daily NMN exposure in aged mice over 7 days was associated with increased ATP production, reduced inflammation, and elevated mitochondrial function, potentially via NAD+'s role in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
• Cardiac Protection — Studies indicate NAD+ deficiency may reduce SIRT activity and energy production. NMN introduced 30 minutes prior to induced ischemia appeared to produce a cardioprotective effect against ischemic injury in murine models.

Available for research and laboratory purposes only.